Peritonitis and exit-site infections are important complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients that are occasionally caused by\nopportunistic fungi inhabiting distant body sites. In this study, the oral yeast colonization of PD patients and the antifungal\nsusceptibility profile of the isolated yeasts were accessed and correlated with fungal infection episodes in the following 4 years.\nSaliva yeast colonization was accessed in 21 PD patients and 27 healthy controls by growth in CHROMagar-Candida�® and 18S\nrRNA/ITS sequencing. PD patients presented a lower oral yeast prevalence when compared to controls, namely, Candida albicans.\nOther species were also isolated, Candida glabrata and Candida carpophila.The antifungal susceptibility profiles of these isolates\nrevealed resistance to itraconazole, variable susceptibility to caspofungin, and higher MIC values of posaconazole compared to\nprevious reports. The 4-year longitudinal evaluation of these patients revealed Candida parapsilosis and Candida zeylanoides as\nPD-related exit-site infectious agents, but no correlation was found with oral yeast colonization. This pilot study suggests that oral\nyeast colonization may represent a limited risk for fungal infection development in PD patients. Oral yeast isolates presented\na variable antifungal susceptibility profile, which may suggest resistance to some second-line drugs, highlighting the importance of\nantifungal susceptibility assessment in the clinical practice.
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